BRIBERY AS A BARRIER TO ECONOMIC INTEGRITY: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS, ENFORCEMENT CHALLENGES, AND SOCIETAL IMPACT

Abstract

Bribery remains a pervasive issue undermining public trust, economic efficiency, and the legitimacy of institutions worldwide. This article examines the multifaceted nature of bribery, from its economic and legal implications to enforcement practices in various countries. Through an analysis grounded in economic theory, criminal law, and global case studies, the paper highlights both progress and persistent gaps in anti-bribery regulation and enforcement. The findings show that while legal reforms like the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the UK Bribery Act have strengthened global frameworks, disparities in implementation and cultural tolerance continue to hinder their full effectiveness.