Theoretical aspects in the formation of pedagogical sciences

RAQAMLI TRANSFORMATSIYA DAVRIDA TA’LIM SHAKLLARINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING NEYROPSIXOLOGIK VA KOGNITIV DETERMINANTLARI

Gulinor Xolniyozova — 2026-02-06

Mazkur maqolada zamonaviy ta’lim shakllarining transformatsiya jarayonlari neyropedagogika va kognitiv psixologiya prizmasi orqali tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda Edgar Deyl piramidasi, kognitiv yuklama nazariyasi, "yaqin rivojlanish zonasi" hamda ta’lim formatlarining o‘quvchi neyrofiziologiyasiga ta’siri ilmiy dalillar asosida yoritilgan. Maqoladan ko‘zlangan maqsad — 2026-yilgi zamon talablariga mos, yuqori samaradorlikka ega bo‘lgan interfaol va gibrid ta’lim shakllarini rivojlantirishning psixologik modelini ishlab chiqishdir.

JIGAR SIRROZIDA MORFOLOGIK O‘ZGARISHLAR: FIBROZ BOSQICHLARI VA KLINIK PROGNOZ

Dilnuraxan Nurniyazova — 2026-02-09

Jigar sirrozi — bu surunkali gepatotropik jarayon natijasida jigar to‘qimasining strukturaviy qayta tashkil qilinishi bilan tavsiflanadigan murakkab kasallik bo‘lib, u hepatotsitlarning yo‘qolishi, regenerativ nodullar paydo bo‘lishi va ekszessiv fibroz jarayonlar bilan kechadi. Ushbu maqolada jigar sirrozida morfologik o‘zgarishlar, fibroz bosqichlari va ularning klinik prognozga ta’siri keng qamrovli tarzda tahlil qilinadi. Sirrozning dastlabki bosqichlarida, histologik tekshiruvda minimal perivaskulyar va periportal fibroz belgilari aniqlanadi, kasallik rivojlanishi bilan fibrozning kengayishi, nodulyar regeneratsiya va portal-traktlarda kollagen to‘planishi kuzatiladi. O‘rta va ilg‘or bosqichlarda jigar arxitekturasi tubdan o‘zgarib, portal va lobulyar fibroz kengayadi, bu esa portal gipertenziya, gepatotsitik yetishmovchilik va jigar funksiyalarining sezilarli pasayishiga olib keladi. Maqolada fibroz bosqichlarini aniqlashda histopatologik belgilar, morfometrik metodlar va zamonaviy radiologik tekshiruvlar muhim diagnostik vosita sifatida tavsiflanadi. Shu bilan birga, fibroz darajasi va jigar sirrozi morfologiyasining klinik prognozga ta’siri, shu jumladan, hayot davomiyligi, jigar yetishmovchiligi va asoratlar xavfi ko‘rsatiladi. Maqola zamonaviy ilmiy adabiyotlar va klinik kuzatuvlar natijalariga tayangan holda, fibrozning jarayonini erta bosqichda aniqlash va individual davolash strategiyasini belgilashning ahamiyatini ta’kidlaydi.

STOMATOLOGIYADA BIOTEXNOLOGIK BIOMATERIALLAR: SUYAK REGENERATSIYASI VA IMPLANTOLOGIYADA QO‘LLASH ISTIQBOLLARI

Kamola Toshpo‘latova — 2026-02-09

Maqolada stomatologiyada biotexnologik biomateriallarning suyak regeneratsiyasi va implantologiyada qo‘llanish istiqbollari ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Biotexnologik biomateriallar zamonaviy stomatologik amaliyotning asosiy komponenti sifatida suyak yo‘qotilishi, alveolyar qovurg‘a defektlari va maxillofasial jarrohlik zaruratlarini samarali bartaraf etishda keng qo‘llaniladi. Ushbu biomateriallar biologik jihatdan faol, biokompatibil va osteoinduktiv xususiyatlarga ega bo‘lib, implantatsiya jarayonida osteointegratsiyani tezlashtirish, suyak tuzilishini qayta tiklash va bemorning funksional hamda estetik natijalarini oshirishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Maqolada suyak regeneratsiyasi uchun ishlatiladigan tabiiy (graftlar, kalsiy fosfat, kollagen bazali materiallar) va sun’iy (bioaktiv keramika, polimerlar, kompozitlar) biomateriallarning biologik xususiyatlari, mexanizmlari va klinik qo‘llanilishi batafsil tahlil qilinadi.

ЭПИЛЕПСИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ: ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ АНТИКОНВУЛЬСАНТОВ

Муниса Тошарова — 2026-02-09

Эпилепсия у детей является одной из наиболее распространенных хронических неврологических патологий, характеризующихся повторяющимися судорожными приступами, вызванными патологической гиперсинхронизацией нейронов. Эффективное лечение эпилепсии требует индивидуального подхода, основанного на типе приступов, возрасте пациента, сопутствующих заболеваниях и особенностях фармакокинетики и фармакодинамики противоэпилептических препаратов (ПЭП). Современная терапия включает широкий спектр антиконвульсантов, таких как вальпроаты, леветирацетам, ламотриджин, топирамат и другие, каждая из которых обладает специфическим профилем эффективности и безопасности.

ALEKSANDR ARKADEVICH FAYNBERG – IJODNING YORQIN YULDUZI

Jasmina Abdishukurova — 2026-02-09

Ushbu maqolada rusiyzabon o’zbek shoiri Aleksandr Arkadevich Faynberg hayoti, ijodi, ilmiy ishlari, tarjimalari, keng yoritilgan. Bundan tashqari shoir she’rlarining ildiz mohiyatini anglash maqsadida ilmiy tahlilardan misollar keltirilgan.

RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALARNI BANK FAOLIYATIDA QO‘LLASHNING IQTISODIY ASOSLARI

Musabek Akbarov — 2026-02-09

Raqamli texnologiyalarning jadal rivojlanishi jahon iqtisodiyotida, айниқса, moliya-bank sohasida tub o‘zgarishlarni yuzaga keltirmoqda. Zamonaviy iqtisodiy sharoitda banklar faoliyatini raqamli texnologiyalarsiz tasavvur etib bo‘lmaydi. Chunki raqamlashtirish bank tizimining samaradorligini oshirish, xarajatlarni qisqartirish, xizmatlar sifatini yaxshilash va mijozlar ehtiyojini tezkor qondirishda muhim iqtisodiy omil hisoblanadi. Raqamli iqtisodiyot sharoitida banklar o‘z faoliyatini innovatsion texnologiyalar asosida qayta tashkil etishga majbur bo‘lmoqda, bu esa ularning bozor sharoitida raqobatbardoshligini ta’minlashga xizmat qiladi.

ISSUES OF IMPROVING THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF HIGHWAY DESIGN IN UZBEKISTAN

Amirbek Kenjayev — 2026-02-09

The article examines regulatory legal documents in the field of highway construction and repair in Uzbekistan, focuses on trends in the field, shortcomings in legislative documents and ways to effectively eliminate them. Through the analysis of modern literature, analytical and statistical data, experience of foreign countries and expert opinion, the study proceeds to study the problems arising in the construction and repair of highways and their legal solution. The results are aimed at developing proposals for legislative acts for state bodies in order to eliminate the current shortcomings and problems in the field of highway construction in Uzbekistan.

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ МЕР УГОЛОВНОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ ЗА НЕЗАКОННЫЙ ОБОРОТ НАРКОТИЧЕСКИХ СРЕДСТВ, ИХ АНАЛОГОВ И ПСИХОТРОПНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ, ВКЛЮЧАЯ ИХ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЕ, ХРАНЕНИЕ, ПРИОБРЕТЕНИЕ И СБЫТ

Богдан Анисин — 2026-02-10

В статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы оптимизации мер уголовной ответственности за незаконный оборот наркотических средств, их аналогов и психотропных веществ в Республике Узбекистан. Анализируются положения уголовного законодательства, регулирующие ответственность за незаконное изготовление, хранение, приобретение и сбыт наркотических средств, а также проблемы правоприменительной практики. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам дифференциации уголовной ответственности, индивидуализации наказания и разграничения ответственности между организаторами наркопреступлений и лицами, выполняющими вспомогательные функции. Обосновывается необходимость комплексного подхода к противодействию незаконному обороту наркотиков, сочетающего уголовно-правовые меры с профилактикой, лечением и социальной реабилитацией. По результатам исследования сформулированы предложения, направленные на совершенствование уголовного законодательства Республики Узбекистан и повышение эффективности борьбы с наркопреступностью.

PROPOSAL OF PRACTICAL PROJECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS INFRASTRUCTURE IN KHORESM REGION

Ibodulla Baydjanov — 2026-02-11

This article discusses practical projects and conceptual proposals aimed at developing sports infrastructure in the Khorezm region. The study analyzes modern approaches to designing sports facilities, taking into account the specific climatic conditions of the region, historical and cultural heritage, and social needs of the population. In particular, special attention is paid to the issues of shaded sports complexes with verandas for high-temperature regions, facade solutions combined with national traditional elements, the use of water-saving technologies, and the placement of mini-sports arenas and bicycle tracks in neighborhood centers. It is also proposed to establish indoor universal sports complexes adapted to the climate for district centers, as well as "Sport Hub" centers serving the development of youth and children's sports. The concepts put forward in the article are significant in that they serve to strengthen the health of the population, form a healthy lifestyle, and contribute to the sustainable socio-economic development of the region.

NASOS STANSIYALARIDA SCADA TIZIMLARIDAN FOYDALANISH

Baxtiyar Shakirov — 2026-02-11

Ushbu ishda nasos stansiyalarida SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) tizimlaridan foydalanishning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari yoritilgan. Zamonaviy avtomatlashtirilgan boshqaruv tizimlari asosida nasos agregatlarining ish jarayonlarini masofadan nazorat qilish, real vaqt rejimida ma’lumotlarni yig‘ish va tahlil qilish imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. SCADA tizimlarining nasos stansiyalari samaradorligini oshirish, energiya sarfini optimallashtirish hamda avariya holatlarini oldindan aniqlashdagi o‘rni tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, inson omilini kamaytirish orqali texnologik jarayonlarning ishonchliligini ta’minlash masalalariga e’tibor qaratilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari SCADA tizimlarining suv ta’minoti va irrigatsiya sohasida qo‘llanishi nasos stansiyalarining barqaror ishlashini ta’minlashini hamda ekspluatatsiya xarajatlarini sezilarli darajada kamaytirishini ko‘rsatadi.

DEGREE, INTENSITY, AND EVALUATION IN PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS: A SEMANTIC STUDY

Charos Islomova — 2026-02-12

This dissertation examines how to assess, evaluate, and measure the degree of intensification associated with phraseological units. This degree is expressed in two fundamental ways: structural forms and conceptual structures. Traditionally, the study of gradation has occurred entirely within lexical semantics; however, there are multiple ways to represent complex scalar meanings in non-lexical phraseological expressions, each reflecting different cognitive, cultural, and typological patterns. This research identifies three types of semantic models associated with the measurement of intense, attenuated, or evaluative gradations (i.e., evaluative scales) within phraseological systems and provides a theoretical basis for examining gradonyms above the lexical level. The evidence supports the assertion that gradation in phraseological phrases is a systematic manifestation of cognitive motivation and cultural grounding.

INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN THE INITIATION OF PRETERM LABOR

Sarvinoz Baxramova — 2026-02-12

Preterm labor is a complex and multifactorial process that represents one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence indicates that inflammation plays a central role in the initiation of spontaneous preterm labor. Both infectious and sterile inflammatory pathways contribute to premature activation of uterine contractility, cervical ripening, and membrane rupture.

A SYSTEM OF SKILLS REQUIRED FOR CREATING ILLUSTRATIVE TEXT

Zebiniso Davronova — 2026-02-13

This article highlights the importance of the skill of creating a descriptive text in the development of students' written speech in native language education. The study identified the content and structural components of the descriptive text and analyzed their progressive formation across classes. Based on a questionnaire taken from teachers, the current state and approaches in the process of forming descriptive text skills were identified and analyzed. The results of the analysis indicate the need for a systematic and gradual development of skills in creating descriptive text in native language lessons.

O‘ZBEK TILIDA SO‘Z BOYLIGINI OSHIRISHDA BADIIY ADABIYOTNING O‘RNI

Mohinur Abdumannobova — 2026-02-16

Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek tilining boy imkoniyatlarini o‘zlashtirish va so‘z boyligini tizimli ravishda oshirishda badiiy adabiyotning tutgan o‘rni ilmiy-ma’rifiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Muallif badiiy asarlarni mutolaa qilish jarayonida so‘zlarning kontekstual ma’nolari, sinonimlar qatori, iboralar va xalq maqollarining jonli tilda qo‘llanilishi shaxsning nutqiy madaniyatiga qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatishini yoritib beradi. Maqolada klassik va zamonaviy o‘zbek adabiyoti namunalaridan foydalanish orqali passiv lug‘at tarkibidagi so‘zlarni aktiv lug‘atga o‘tkazish mexanizmlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, mutolaaning kognitiv jarayon sifatidagi ahamiyati, badiiy matn bilan ishlashning so‘z boyligini kengaytirishdagi amaliy usullari va til boyligini asrashda adabiy merosning o‘rni xususida xulosalar keltirilgan. Maqola filologlar, tilshunoslar, pedagoglar hamda o‘z ona tilida ravon va ta’sirli so‘zlashni istovchi keng kitobxonlar ommasiga mo‘ljallangan.