THE PHILOSOPHY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: FOUNDATIONS, AUTHORITY, AND CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/Keywords:
Philosophy of international law, natural law, legal positivism, voluntarism, jus cogens, state sovereignty, monism and dualism, cosmopolitanism, TWAIL.Abstract
This article examines the philosophical and jurisprudential foundations of international law, exploring its normative authority, legitimacy, and structural limits beyond the state. The study systematically analyzes the sources of international legal obligation through the lenses of classical natural law (Grotius, Vattel), legal positivism and voluntarism, and modern constitutionalism and cosmopolitanism (Kelsen, Habermas). Furthermore, it addresses core legal paradoxes, including the tension between absolute state sovereignty and peremptory human rights norms (jus cogens), monist versus dualist reception models, and contemporary critical perspectives such as Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) and realist critiques.
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