INTERNATIONAL MODELS AND METHODS FOR DEVELOPING ESL SPEAKING SKILLS IN INTROVERTED LEARNERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17248521Keywords:
ESL, speaking skills, introverted learners, task-based learning, communicative competence, learner-centered methodsAbstract
Speaking skill development in English as a Second Language (ESL) requires a deliberate combination of theoretical models and practical methods that account for learner diversity. This paper provides a theoretical-analytical overview of international approaches to developing oral communication skills, focusing on introverted students in secondary comprehensive schools. Drawing on the contributions of Nunan, Larsen-Freeman, Skehan, Littlewood, Dornyei, Bax, and Scrivener, the paper examines task-based learning, learner-centered curricula, motivational frameworks, and technology integration. The analysis proposes a flexible, multi-stage model that reduces anxiety, builds confidence, and supports gradual participation in spoken interaction.
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