TYPOLOGY FORMATION OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION SCHOOLS: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS, HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT, AND CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES WITH EMPHASIS ON UZBEKISTAN’S CONTEXT

Abstract

The typology formation of general secondary education schools represents a multidimensional field of study at the intersection of pedagogy, architecture, sociology, and educational policy, encompassing the systematic classification and design of school types according to functional, spatial, historical, and socio-cultural criteria. In the context of Uzbekistan, the evolution of school typologies has been shaped by a unique synthesis of indigenous educational traditions, Soviet-era planning norms, and post-independence reforms that prioritize modernization, inclusivity, and adaptability to global standards while preserving national identity. This research provides an in-depth theoretical and empirical analysis of typology formation in general secondary education schools, combining a historical perspective with an evaluation of contemporary needs.