LITERATURE ANALYSIS ON THE CONSTRUCTIVE CLASSIFICATION OF WIND TURBINES AND THEIR APPLICATION LIMITS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/Keywords:
wind turbines, structural classification, horizontal axis turbines, vertical axis turbines, aerodynamic efficiency, power factor, Betz limit, operating modes, low wind speeds, high power turbines, micro and small wind turbines, operational limits, energy conversionAbstract
Wind energy plays an increasingly important role in the global transition toward sustainable energy systems. This study presents a comparative review of the major wind turbine configurations, including horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs), Darrieus turbines, H-Rotor turbines, and Savonius turbines. The analysis was conducted based on recent scientific literature, focusing on aerodynamic efficiency, startup characteristics, and operational performance under different wind conditions. The results indicate that HAWTs achieve the highest aerodynamic efficiency (η ≈ 0.47), while Darrieus and H-Rotor turbines provide a balance between efficiency and operational flexibility. Savonius turbines exhibit superior self-starting capability and reliable operation under low wind speed conditions, although their efficiency remains comparatively low (η ≈ 0.14–0.17). An assessment of wind resources in Uzbekistan suggests that HAWTs are suitable for high-wind-potential regions, whereas vertical-axis and hybrid turbine systems may be more effective in areas with low and variable wind speeds. The study highlights hybrid Savonius–H-Rotor and Savonius–Darrieus concepts as promising solutions for improving wind energy utilization and system reliability.
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