SOCIAL ENGINEERING CRIMES USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: LIABILITY FOR PHISHING AND VOICE CLONING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/Keywords:
social engineering, artificial intelligence, phishing, voice cloning, deepfake audio, fraud, cybersecurity, criminal liability, deception, identity spoofing.Abstract
This article analyzes the legal aspects of social engineering crimes carried out using artificial intelligence technologies. The research focuses on two of the fastest-growing and most dangerous manifestations — automated phishing based on large language models (AI-powered phishing) and voice cloning. The author sequentially examines the technical mechanisms of these crimes, their socio-psychological methods of influence, and issues of criminal-legal qualification. Furthermore, the article provides a comparative analysis of liability mechanisms against these crimes in international legal practice and national legislation, and formulates practical recommendations for the legal system of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
References
1. Hadnagy, C. Social Engineering: The Science of Human Hacking. — 2nd ed. — Hoboken: Wiley, 2018. — 320 p.
2. Chesney, R., Citron, D. Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge for Privacy, Democracy, and National Security // California Law Review. — 2019. — Vol. 107, No. 6. — P. 1753–1820.
3. King, T. C., Aggarwal, N., Taddeo, M., Floridi, L. Artificial Intelligence Crime: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Foreseeable Threats and Solutions // Science and Engineering Ethics. — 2020. — Vol. 26, No. 1. — P. 89–120.
4. Europol. Facing Reality? Law Enforcement and the Challenge of Deepfakes. — The Hague: Europol Innovation Lab, 2022. — 45 p.
5. FTC (Federal Trade Commission). Voice Cloning Challenges Report. — Washington D.C., 2023.
6. FCC (Federal Communications Commission). Rules Targeting AI-Generated Robocalls. — Washington D.C., 2024.
7. Ferrara, E. The History of Digital Spam // Communications of the ACM. — 2019. — Vol. 62, No. 8. — P. 82–91.
8. Shariff, A., Bonnefon, J. F., Rahwan, I. Psychological Roadblocks to the Adoption of Self-Driving Vehicles // Nature Human Behaviour. — 2017. — Vol. 1, No. 10.
9. Council of Europe. Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention), ETS No. 185. — Budapest, 2001.
10. European Union. Artificial Intelligence Act, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689. — Brussels, 2024.
11. UK Online Safety Act 2023. — London: HMSO, 2023.
12. China Cyberspace Administration. Provisions on the Management of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services. — Beijing, 2022.
13. Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. — Tashkent: Adolat, 2024.
14. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Measures for the Development of Artificial Intelligence Technologies". — Tashkent, 2024
