DIABETES MELLITUS AND HEREDITY: THE ROLE OF GENETIC FACTORS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15525942Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, genetics, heredity, HLA, TCF7L2, epigenetics, genome-wide association studies, personalized medicine.Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), encompassing type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D), is a complex disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. This article explores the hereditary basis of DM, focusing on key genetic variants, their mechanisms, and clinical implications. T1D is strongly linked to HLA genes, while T2D involves multiple loci, notably TCF7L2. Epigenetic modifications and gene-environment interactions further modulate disease risk. Advances in genetic research offer opportunities for early diagnosis and personalized treatment, but ethical challenges must be addressed. This review underscores the critical role of genetics in DM and highlights future directions for precision medicine.
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