COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS: IMAGE RIGHTS UNDER DATA PROTECTION VS. PERSONALITY RIGHTS
Аннотация
This comparative analysis explores two predominant legal frameworks for regulating image rights: as personal data under data protection laws and as personality rights under civil law. The data protection approach—exemplified by the GDPR—treats images as identifiable personal data, emphasizing consent, processing limitations, and data subject rights. In contrast, the civil law tradition, grounded in personality rights, protects image rights as an extension of personal dignity, autonomy, and control over one’s likeness. The analysis highlights key doctrinal and practical differences, including the scope of protection, enforcement mechanisms, and applicability in digital contexts. It also discusses the implications for regulatory design, particularly in response to emerging challenges posed by AI, facial recognition, and social media. The study underscores the need for integrated legal approaches that reconcile informational privacy with human dignity to ensure comprehensive protection of image rights in both online and offline environments.
Ключевые слова
data protection, personality rights, image right, dignity and autonomy
Библиографические ссылки
- Bygrave, L. A. (2014). Data Privacy Law: An International Perspective. Oxford University Press.
- Kosta, E. (2013). Consent in European Data Protection Law. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
- European Union. (2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation). Official Journal of the European Union.
- Dreier, T. (2004). “The Right to One’s Image: Publicity and Privacy Rights.” In: European Intellectual Property Review.
- Von Bar, C. (1998). The Common European Law of Torts: Volume II. Oxford University Press – discusses image and personality rights under civil codes.
- Noto La Diega, G. (2020). “Artificial Intelligence and the Right to One’s Image: A European Perspective.” European Journal of Law and Technology, 11(2).
- Koops, B. J., et al. (2011). “A Typology of Privacy.” University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, 38(2), 483–575.
- Solove, D. J. (2008). Understanding Privacy. Harvard University Press.
- Ubertazzi, B. (2017). “The Right of Personality in European Civil Law.” In: International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law (IIC), 48(5), 533–552.
- Hildebrandt, M. (2015). Smart Technologies and the End(s) of Law: Novel Entanglements of Law and Technology. Edward Elgar Publishing.