BIOPHYSICAL FOUNDATIONS OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY (ECG) SIGNALS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18678257Keywords:
Electrocardiography (ECG), cardiac electrophysiology, action potential, ion channels, depolarization, repolarization.Abstract
In this thesis, the biophysical foundations of electrocardiography (ECG) signals are briefly analyzed at the cellular and tissue levels. The study explains how ionic currents of sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), and calcium (Ca²⁺) generate cardiac action potentials and how these electrical impulses propagate through the cardiac conduction system. The relationship between depolarization–repolarization processes and the main ECG components (P wave, QRS complex, and T wave) is also described. The work highlights the importance of biophysical mechanisms for accurate ECG interpretation and clinical application.
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