BAKTERIYALARDA ANTIBIOTIKKA QARSHILIKNI KELTIRIB CHIQARUVCHI PLAZMID VA TRANSPOZONLAR MEXANIZMLARI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17936900Keywords:
Antibiotikka qarshilik, plazmidlar, transpozonlar, gorizontal gen transferi, konyugatsiya, integronlar, mobil genetik elementlar, beta-laktamaza.Abstract
Antibiotiklarga qarshilik (ABQ) global sog'liqni saqlash inqiroziga aylanmoqda, uning asosiy sababi qarshilik genlarining bakterial populatsiyalarda tez tarqalishidir. Ushbu maqola ABQ genlarining tarqalishida asosiy rol o'ynovchi ikki mobil genetik element – plazmidlar va transpozonlarning molekulyar mexanizmlarini tahlil qiladi. Plazmidlar avtonom replikatsiyalanuvchi xromosomadan tashqari DNK molekulalari bo'lib, ular ko'pincha bir nechta qarshilik genlarini o'z ichiga oladi. Plazmidlarning konyugatsiya jarayoni orqali bir bakteriyadan ikkinchisiga o'tishi (Gorizontal gen transferi) butun turlarda qarshilikni tezda tarqatadi. Transpozonlar esa DNK ning "sakrovchi" elementlari bo'lib, ular ABQ genlarini bakteriya xromosomasi ichida yoki plazmidlar orasida joydan-joyga ko'chiradi. Transpozonlarning "kesib va yopishtirish" yoki "nusxalab va yopishtirish" kabi mexanizmlari ABQ genlarini plazmidlarga yuklab, ularning tarqalish tezligini oshiradi. Ushbu ikki elementning sinergik harakati bakteriyalarga yangi dori vositalariga qarshi mudofaa tizimini yaratish imkonini beradi, bu esa klinik terapiya uchun jiddiy qiyinchiliklar tug'diradi.
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