ALIGNMENT OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE WITH INTERNATIONAL ESG STANDARDS IN THE CONTEXT OF GREEN TRANSFORMATION AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/Keywords:
ESG standards, green economy, infrastructure, institutional reforms, sustainable developmentAbstract
This thesis analyzes the directions for aligning national economic infrastructure with international ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) standards within the framework of green transformation. In the context of global climate challenges and sustainable development goals, infrastructure modernization based on ESG principles has become a strategic priority. The study examines environmental sustainability, social inclusiveness, and governance efficiency using statistical data from international organizations. Special attention is given to the case of Uzbekistan, highlighting institutional challenges and opportunities. The findings emphasize the importance of green finance, regulatory improvements, and public-private partnerships in achieving sustainable infrastructure development.
References
1. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2023). CO₂ emissions in 2022. Paris: IEA. https://www.iea.org/reports/co2-emissions-in-2022
2. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2024). Human development report 2023/2024. New York: UNDP.
3. World Bank. (2024). Worldwide governance indicators 2024. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://databank.worldbank.org
4. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2025). Green finance outlook 2025. Paris: OECD Publishing.
5. Climate Bonds Initiative. (2025). Sustainable debt global state of the market 2025. https://www.climatebonds.net
6. Statistics Agency under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2025). Statistical yearbook of Uzbekistan 2024. Tashkent.
7. International Monetary Fund. (2024). World economic outlook: Navigating global divergence. Washington, DC: IMF.
8. European Commission, Joint Research Centre. (2025). EDGAR global greenhouse gas emissions database. https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu
9. Global Carbon Project. (2025). Global carbon budget 2025. https://www.globalcarbonproject.org
