DEGREE, INTENSITY, AND EVALUATION IN PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS: A SEMANTIC STUDY
Аннотация
This dissertation examines how to assess, evaluate, and measure the degree of intensification associated with phraseological units. This degree is expressed in two fundamental ways: structural forms and conceptual structures. Traditionally, the study of gradation has occurred entirely within lexical semantics; however, there are multiple ways to represent complex scalar meanings in non-lexical phraseological expressions, each reflecting different cognitive, cultural, and typological patterns. This research identifies three types of semantic models associated with the measurement of intense, attenuated, or evaluative gradations (i.e., evaluative scales) within phraseological systems and provides a theoretical basis for examining gradonyms above the lexical level. The evidence supports the assertion that gradation in phraseological phrases is a systematic manifestation of cognitive motivation and cultural grounding.
Ключевые слова
gradonymy; scalar semantics; degree; intensity; evaluation; phraseological units; idiomatic expressions; semantic gradation; conceptual metaphor; linguistic typology; cognitive semantics; expressive amplification; evaluative meaning; cross-linguistic analysis; English; Uzbek.
Библиографические ссылки
- Burger, H. (1998). Phraseologie: Eine Einführung am Beispiel des Deutschen. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag.
- Comrie, B. (1989). Language universals and linguistic typology: Syntax and morphology (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Cruse, D. A. (2004). Meaning in language: An introduction to semantics and pragmatics (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics (Vols. 1–2). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Moon, R. (1998). Fixed expressions and idioms in English: A corpus-based approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Nunberg, G., Sag, I. A., & Wasow, T. (1994). Idioms. Language, 70(3), 491–538. https://doi.org/10.2307/416483
- Rahmatullayev, Sh. (1966). O‘zbek tilining frazeologik lug‘ati. Toshkent: Fan.