GREEN SYNTHESIS OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS: MODERN APPROACHES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/Keywords:
Green chemistry; Heterocyclic compounds; Medicinal chemistry; Microwave-assisted synthesis; Multicomponent reactions; Sustainable synthesisAbstract
Green chemistry has become one of the most rapidly developing areas of modern organic and medicinal chemistry due to the increasing demand for environmentally friendly, sustainable, and economically efficient synthetic methods. Conventional organic synthesis often requires hazardous solvents, toxic reagents, and energy-intensive reaction conditions, leading to environmental pollution and increased production costs. Green synthetic approaches aim to minimize hazardous waste, reduce energy consumption, improve atom economy, and replace toxic chemicals with environmentally benign alternatives.
References
1. Anastas P.T., Warner J.C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press; 1998.
2. Li C.J., Trost B.M. Green chemistry for chemical synthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2008;105(36):13197–13202.
3. Kappe C.O. Controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2004;43(46):6250–6284.
4. Sheldon R.A. Green chemistry and sustainable chemical manufacturing. Green Chemistry. 2016;18:3180–3183.
5. Clarke C.J., Tu W.C., Levers O., Bröhl A., Hallett J.P. Green and sustainable solvents in chemical processes. Chemical Reviews. 2018;118(2):747–800.
6. Patrick G.L. An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry. 7th Edition. Oxford University Press; 2023.
7. Joule J.A., Mills K. Heterocyclic Chemistry. 6th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell; 2017.
8. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Global Chemicals Outlook II. Nairobi: UNEP; 2019.